{ "ml": { "v": "4", "fs": [ { "id": 0, "prob": 0.002989633474498987, "class": 0 } ], "prob": 0.0029896335, "class": 0, "models": [ { "m": "az", "prob": 0.0029896335, "class": 0 }, { "m": "az/native", "prob": 0.00026002797, "class": 0 }, { "m": "az/elf", "prob": 0.000044794942, "class": 0 } ], "version": "v16.16", "thresholds": [ 0.9953178, 0.9991311 ], "analyzed_at": "2026-05-02T15:18:11Z" }, "path": "x86__64__lsb__unix-system-v__gcc-4.9.4__O1__no-obf__unstripped__util-linux-2.33__delpart", "raw": { "v": "4", "fs": [ { "f": "O(C)H(Db)Md₂(HeBi₃)", "x": 3, "id": 0, "is": [ "", "free", "errno_location", "strncmp", "strtod", "localeconv", "textdomain", "vasprintf", "strtol_internal", "bindtextdomain", "dcgettext", "getopt_long", "errx", "strchr", "printf", "warnx", "snprintf", "fputs", "strtoul_internal", "ioctl", "fgetc", "strspn", "fputc", "strdup", "strcspn", "libc_start_main", "calloc", "strcmp", "strndup", "fprintf", "gmon_start__", "strtol", "memcpy", "err", "malloc", "setlocale", "open", "strtoul", "exit", "ctype_b_loc" ], "ms": { "elf": { "e_type": 2.0, "has_got": true, "has_plt": true, "has_note": true, "e_machine": 62.0, "class_bits": 64.0, "note_count": 1.0, "nx_enabled": true, "entry_point": 4198544.0, "needed_libs": 1.0, "dynsym_count": 44.0, "has_eh_frame": true, "symtab_count": 148.0, "dynrela_count": 4.0, "entry_section": ".text", "little_endian": true, "pltreloc_count": 38.0, "has_interpreter": true, "fini_array_count": 1.0, "init_array_count": 1.0, "program_header_count": 8.0, "section_header_count": 30.0, "load_segment_max_p_memsz": 14892.0, "load_segment_max_p_filesz": 14892.0, "section_relocation_group_count": 2.0 }, "binary": { "code_size": 8237.0, "file_size": 23424.0, "entry_point": 4198544.0, "has_overlay": true, "code_entropy": 3.94, "data_entropy": 2.39, "export_count": 81.0, "import_count": 40.0, "overlay_size": 1924.0, "string_count": 196.0, "overlay_ratio": 0.08, "section_count": 29.0, "avg_complexity": 4.49, "function_count": 88.0, "import_density": 4.97, "max_complexity": 49.0, "string_density": 24.37, "aliased_exports": 38.0, "overall_entropy": 2.64, "overlay_entropy": 1.54, "avg_basic_blocks": 6.56, "avg_section_size": 723.31, "dependency_count": 1.0, "entropy_variance": 1.61, "function_density": 10.94, "avg_function_size": 88.49, "avg_string_length": 14.59, "complexity_per_kb": 0.56, "max_string_length": 54.0, "avg_string_entropy": 3.09, "code_to_data_ratio": 0.65, "data_to_file_ratio": 0.0, "text_to_file_ratio": 0.32, "total_basic_blocks": 577.0, "string_length_stddev": 7.91, "largest_section_ratio": 0.32, "sentence_string_count": 10.0, "sentence_string_ratio": 0.05, "function_analysis_depth": 2.0 } }, "ss": [ [ 0, "textdomain" ], [ 512, "/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2" ], [ 1979, "vasprintf" ], [ 1989, "exit" ], [ 1994, "setlocale" ], [ 2004, "strncmp" ], [ 2012, "__strdup" ], [ 2021, "dcgettext" ], [ 2044, "strtod" ], [ 2051, "strtol" ], [ 2064, "calloc" ], [ 2071, "localeconv" ], [ 2082, "strcspn" ], [ 2090, "__errno_location" ], [ 2107, "stdout" ], [ 2126, "memcpy" ], [ 2133, "__strtol_internal" ], [ 2151, "strtoul" ], [ 2159, "malloc" ], [ 2166, "__strndup" ], [ 2176, "__ctype_b_loc" ], [ 2190, "stderr" ], [ 2197, "ioctl" ], [ 2203, "getopt_long" ], [ 2215, "open" ], [ 2227, "fprintf" ], [ 2235, "program_invocation_short_name" ], [ 2270, "bindtextdomain" ], [ 2292, "__libc_start_main" ], [ 2310, "snprintf" ], [ 2319, "__strtoul_internal" ], [ 2338, "free" ], [ 2343, "__progname" ], [ 2354, "__gmon_start__" ], [ 2379, "GLIBC_2.14" ], [ 5432, "AUATUSH" ], [ 5875, "AWAVAUATUSH" ], [ 6843, "ATUSH" ], [ 9819, "AVAUATUSI" ], [ 10309, "AVAUATUSH" ], [ 11696, "AWAVA" ], [ 11703, "AUATL" ], [ 11844, "util-linux" ], [ 11858, "%s from %s" ], [ 11870, "util-linux 2.33" ], [ 11906, "display version" ], [ 11922, "display this help" ], [ 11940, "-V, --version" ], [ 11967, "%-16s%s" ], [ 11984, "For more details see %s." ], [ 12011, "delpart(8)" ], [ 12022, "not enough arguments" ], [ 12043, "cannot open %s" ], [ 12058, "failed to remove partition" ], [ 12088, "/tmp/util-linux/_out/share/locale" ], [ 12128, "%s \u003cdisk device\u003e \u003cpartition number\u003e" ], [ 12168, "Tell the kernel to forget about a specified partition." ], [ 12224, "Try '%s --help' for more information." ], [ 12264, "invalid partition number argument" ], [ 12457, "KMGTPEZY" ], [ 12466, "kmgtpezy" ], [ 12477, "BKMGTPE" ], [ 12485, "%d%s%lu%s" ], [ 15740, "GCC: (GNU) 4.9.4" ], [ 19313, "crtstuff.c" ], [ 19324, "__JCR_LIST__" ], [ 19337, "deregister_tm_clones" ], [ 19358, "__do_global_dtors_aux" ], [ 19380, "completed.6672" ], [ 19395, "__do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry" ], [ 19434, "frame_dummy" ], [ 19446, "__frame_dummy_init_array_entry" ], [ 19477, "delpart.c" ], [ 19487, "longopts.5271" ], [ 19501, "strutils.c" ], [ 19512, "next_path_segment" ], [ 19530, "strcspn_escaped" ], [ 19546, "_strtou64_or_err" ], [ 19563, "STRTOXX_EXIT_CODE" ], [ 19581, "_strtou32_or_err" ], [ 19598, "_strtou16_or_err" ], [ 19615, "__FRAME_END__" ], [ 19629, "__JCR_END__" ], [ 19641, "__init_array_end" ], [ 19658, "_DYNAMIC" ], [ 19667, "__init_array_start" ], [ 19686, "__GNU_EH_FRAME_HDR" ], [ 19705, "_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_" ], [ 19727, "strutils_set_exitcode" ], [ 19749, "__libc_csu_fini" ], [ 19765, "__progname@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 19789, "free@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 19807, "skip_fline" ], [ 19818, "__errno_location@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 19848, "strncmp@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 19869, "_ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable" ], [ 19897, "stdout@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 19917, "strtol_or_err" ], [ 19931, "strnappend" ], [ 19942, "strtod@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 19962, "localeconv@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 19986, "parse_switch" ], [ 19999, "vasprintf@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20022, "_edata" ], [ 20029, "strfappend" ], [ 20040, "__strtol_internal@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20071, "bindtextdomain@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20099, "dcgettext@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20122, "strnchr" ], [ 20130, "getopt_long@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20155, "errx@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20173, "strchr@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20193, "warnx@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20212, "size_to_human_string" ], [ 20233, "strappend" ], [ 20243, "xstrmode" ], [ 20252, "snprintf@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20274, "strtos16_or_err" ], [ 20290, "fputs@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20309, "__strtoul_internal@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20341, "string_add_to_idarray" ], [ 20363, "strtos32_or_err" ], [ 20379, "ioctl@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20398, "parse_range" ], [ 20410, "fgetc@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20429, "strtosize" ], [ 20439, "strspn@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20459, "fputc@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20478, "__strdup@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20500, "strcspn@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20521, "strtosize_or_err" ], [ 20538, "strtoul_or_err" ], [ 20559, "__libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20590, "calloc@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20610, "__data_start" ], [ 20623, "strcmp@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20643, "strtox32_or_err" ], [ 20659, "__strndup@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20682, "fprintf@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20718, "string_to_bitmask" ], [ 20736, "strtol@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20756, "__dso_handle" ], [ 20769, "memcpy@@GLIBC_2.14" ], [ 20788, "_IO_stdin_used" ], [ 20803, "parse_size" ], [ 20814, "__libc_csu_init" ], [ 20830, "string_to_idarray" ], [ 20848, "strtos64_or_err" ], [ 20864, "malloc@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20884, "__bss_start" ], [ 20896, "setlocale@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20919, "main" ], [ 20924, "strtox64_or_err" ], [ 20940, "open@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 20958, "streq_paths" ], [ 20970, "_Jv_RegisterClasses" ], [ 20990, "strtod_or_err" ], [ 21004, "strtoul@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 21025, "isdigit_strend" ], [ 21040, "strtox16_or_err" ], [ 21056, "exit@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 21074, "__TMC_END__" ], [ 21086, "strtotimeval_or_err" ], [ 21106, "_ITM_registerTMCloneTable" ], [ 21132, "program_invocation_short_name@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 21175, "string_to_bitarray" ], [ 21194, "__ctype_b_loc@@GLIBC_2.3" ], [ 21219, "isxdigit_strend" ], [ 21235, "stderr@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], [ 21256, ".symtab" ], [ 21264, ".strtab" ], [ 21272, ".shstrtab" ], [ 21282, ".interp" ], [ 21290, ".note.ABI-tag" ], [ 21304, ".hash" ], [ 21310, ".dynsym" ], [ 21318, ".dynstr" ], [ 21326, ".gnu.version" ], [ 21339, ".gnu.version_r" ], [ 21354, ".rela.dyn" ], [ 21364, ".rela.plt" ], [ 21374, ".init" ], [ 21380, ".plt.got" ], [ 21389, ".text" ], [ 21395, ".fini" ], [ 21401, ".rodata" ], [ 21409, ".eh_frame_hdr" ], [ 21423, ".eh_frame" ], [ 21433, ".init_array" ], [ 21445, ".fini_array" ], [ 21457, ".jcr" ], [ 21462, ".dynamic" ], [ 21471, ".got.plt" ], [ 21480, ".data" ], [ 21486, ".bss" ], [ 21491, ".comment" ] ], "sz": 23424, "ts": [ { "c": 1.0, "d": "ELF program interpreter present", "e": [ "/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking::elf-interpreter", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "ELF needed library", "e": [ "libc.so.6" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking::elf-needed-lib", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary is not digitally signed", "i": "metadata/unsigned", "l": 2 }, { "d": "Binary exports symbols", "e": [ "binary.export_count = 81.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/symbols::has-exports", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 20+ exports", "e": [ "binary.export_count = 81.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-exports-20", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.800000011920929, "d": "Binary has many functions (\u003e30)", "e": [ "binary.function_count = 88.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-functions", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "ELF dynstr section name", "e": [ ".dynstr" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking::elf-dynstr-section-name", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 20+ sections (installer/packer)", "e": [ "binary.section_count = 29.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-sections-20", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "Binary has low overall entropy", "e": [ "binary.overall_entropy = 2.64" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::low-overall-entropy-binary", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.6600000262260437, "d": "Reference to /lib64", "e": [ "/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/path/system::system-lib64", "l": 2 }, { "a": "T1059.006", "c": 0.6000000238418579, "d": "Named /tmp execution path", "e": [ "/tmp/util" ], "i": "objectives/command-and-control/dropper::tmp-path", "l": 1, "m": "B0024" }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "ELF dynsym section name", "e": [ ".dynsym" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking::elf-dynsym-section-name", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.6000000238418579, "d": "Small ELF binary (\u003c 50KB)", "e": [ "x86__64__lsb__unix-system-v__gcc-4.9.4__O1__no-obf__unstripped__util-linux-2.33__delpart" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::small-elf-binary", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has low average complexity", "e": [ "binary.avg_complexity = 4.49" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::avg-complexity-15-max", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.800000011920929, "d": "libc version string pattern", "e": [ "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/dylib/library/libc::libc-version-string", "l": 2 }, { "d": ".so extension reference", "e": [ ".so" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/path/extension::so", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.6600000262260437, "d": "Open files", "e": [ "open" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/file/open::open-base", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 20+ imports", "e": [ "binary.import_count = 40.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-imports-20", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "/tmp/ path component", "e": [ "/tmp/util-linux/_out/share/locale" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/path/temp::tmp-path-content", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.4000000059604645, "d": "Terminate process immediately without cleanup", "e": [ "exit" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/process/terminate/signal::_exit", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "CLI help or usage text", "e": [ "Try '%s --help' for more information." ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::help-usage-string", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.75, "d": "String to long integer conversion (strtol)", "e": [ "strtol" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/data/string/conversion::strtol", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 3+ functions", "e": [ "binary.function_count = 88.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::few-functions-3", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has low average string entropy", "e": [ "binary.avg_string_entropy = 3.09" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::avg-string-entropy-4-max", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 25+ imports", "e": [ "binary.import_count = 40.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-imports-25", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "File is a compiled binary", "e": [ "binary.file_size = 23424.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/framework::is-binary", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary is not position-independent (fixed load address)", "e": [ "binary.is_pie = 0.00" ], "i": "metadata/hardening::no-pie", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 30+ imports", "e": [ "binary.import_count = 40.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-imports-30", "l": 1 }, { "d": "Characteristic system library exports", "e": [ "libc_start_main" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/dylib/library/libc::libc-characteristic-symbols", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.699999988079071, "d": "Unix /tmp/ path reference", "e": [ "/tmp/util-linux/_out/share/locale" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/path/temp::unix-temp", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary format is identified", "e": [ "elf.class_bits = 64.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary::binary-format-checked", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 9+ exports", "e": [ "binary.export_count = 81.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-exports-9", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 40+ imports", "e": [ "binary.import_count = 40.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-imports-40", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "ELF dynamic section name", "e": [ ".dynamic" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking::elf-dynamic-section-name", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "ELF64 class marker", "e": [ "elf.class_bits = 64.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::elf64-class", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.6600000262260437, "d": "Write single bytes to file", "e": [ "fputc" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/file/write::fputc", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 50+ functions", "e": [ "binary.function_count = 88.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-functions-50", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.699999988079071, "d": "Version information string", "e": [ "--version" ], "i": "metadata/package/help::version-text", "l": 2 }, { "d": "Characteristic system library export __errno_location", "e": [ "errno_location" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/dylib/library/libc::libc-characteristic-errno", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "ELF interpreter section name", "e": [ ".interp" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking::elf-interpreter-section-name", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.800000011920929, "d": "Binary has many exports (\u003e10)", "e": [ "binary.export_count = 81.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-exports", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "Tiny C string section ratio", "e": [ " = 0.0% of total (0 / 23424 bytes)" ], "i": "metadata/binary/section/metrics::tiny-cstring-section", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "ELF dynsym section name", "e": [ ".dynsym" ], "i": "metadata/hardening::elf-dynsym-section-name", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "No stack canary (stack smashing protection absent)", "e": [ "elf.stack_canary = 0.00" ], "i": "metadata/hardening::no-stack-canary", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "ELF dynstr section name", "e": [ ".dynstr" ], "i": "metadata/hardening::elf-dynstr-section-name", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "No RELRO (GOT writable after load)", "e": [ "elf.relro = 0.00" ], "i": "metadata/hardening::no-relro", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "ELF program interpreter metadata", "e": [ "/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking/runtime::interpreter", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "ELF needed library metadata", "e": [ "libc.so.6" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking/runtime::needed-lib", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.6000000238418579, "d": "Binary not position-independent (no ASLR)", "e": [ "elf.e_type = 2.00" ], "i": "metadata/hardening::no-pie-struct", "l": 3 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "ELF interpreter section name", "e": [ ".interp" ], "i": "metadata/hardening::elf-interpreter-section-name", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "ELF dynamic section name", "e": [ ".dynamic" ], "i": "metadata/hardening::elf-dynamic-section-name", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.6600000262260437, "d": "Reference to /tmp", "e": [ "/tmp/util-linux/_out/share/locale", "/tmp/util-linux/_out/share/locale" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/path/temp::temp-tmp", "l": 2 } ], "sha": "ffd6a64de0d2a6e3214af677e8a987ef3de2425e9dfd0821f5f4f754298b8c3e", "path": "/data/samples/good/datasets/Labeled-Elfs/benignware/x86__64__lsb__unix-system-v__gcc-4.9.4__O1__no-obf__unstripped__util-linux-2.33__delpart", "type": "elf" } ], "tv": "96b0e" } }