{ "ml": { "v": "4", "fs": [ { "id": 0, "prob": 0.0012128512607887387, "class": 0 } ], "prob": 0.0012128513, "class": 0, "models": [ { "m": "az", "prob": 0.0012128513, "class": 0 }, { "m": "az/native", "prob": 0.00010462147, "class": 0 }, { "m": "az/elf", "prob": 0.00002210987, "class": 0 } ], "version": "v16.16", "thresholds": [ 0.9953178, 0.9991311 ], "analyzed_at": "2026-05-03T00:29:10Z" }, "path": "x86__64__lsb__unix-system-v__llvm-obfuscator-3.3.0__O2__mllvmsub__unstripped__coreutils-8.30__fmt", "raw": { "v": "4", "fs": [ { "f": "O₂(CI)H₂(FDb)Md₂(HeBi₂)", "x": 4, "id": 0, "is": [ "", "uflow", "free", "abort", "errno_location", "strncmp", "exit", "fpending", "textdomain", "fclose", "bindtextdomain", "dcgettext", "ctype_get_mb_cur_max", "strlen", "getopt_long", "mbrtowc", "strchr", "overflow", "strrchr", "lseek", "assert_fail", "strtoul_internal", "memset", "posix_fadvise", "memchr", "libc_start_main", "memcmp", "fputs_unlocked", "calloc", "strcmp", "gmon_start__", "memcpy", "fileno", "malloc", "fflush", "nl_langinfo", "freading", "fwrite_unlocked", "realloc", "setlocale", "printf_chk", "memmove", "error", "fseeko", "fopen", "cxa_atexit", "exit", "fwrite", "fprintf_chk", "mbsinit", "iswprint", "ctype_b_loc" ], "ms": { "elf": { "e_type": 2.0, "needed": [ "libc.so.6" ], "has_got": true, "has_plt": true, "has_note": true, "e_machine": 62.0, "class_bits": 64.0, "note_count": 1.0, "nx_enabled": true, "entry_point": 4199872.0, "needed_libs": 1.0, "dynsym_count": 61.0, "has_eh_frame": true, "symtab_count": 260.0, "dynrela_count": 8.0, "entry_section": ".text", "little_endian": true, "pltreloc_count": 50.0, "has_interpreter": true, "fini_array_count": 1.0, "init_array_count": 1.0, "program_header_count": 8.0, "section_header_count": 30.0, "load_segment_max_p_memsz": 46592.0, "load_segment_max_p_filesz": 35388.0, "section_relocation_group_count": 2.0 }, "binary": { "code_size": 22500.0, "file_size": 50024.0, "entry_point": 4199872.0, "has_overlay": true, "code_entropy": 4.02, "data_entropy": 2.72, "export_count": 130.0, "import_count": 52.0, "overlay_size": 1922.0, "string_count": 395.0, "overlay_ratio": 0.04, "section_count": 28.0, "avg_complexity": 6.44, "function_count": 138.0, "import_density": 2.37, "max_complexity": 276.0, "string_density": 17.98, "aliased_exports": 49.0, "overall_entropy": 2.75, "overlay_entropy": 1.55, "avg_basic_blocks": 8.43, "avg_section_size": 1645.36, "dependency_count": 1.0, "entropy_variance": 1.62, "function_density": 6.28, "avg_function_size": 155.51, "avg_string_length": 17.71, "complexity_per_kb": 0.29, "max_string_length": 200.0, "avg_string_entropy": 3.18, "code_to_data_ratio": 0.95, "data_to_file_ratio": 0.0, "text_to_file_ratio": 0.43, "total_basic_blocks": 1164.0, "string_length_stddev": 17.39, "largest_section_ratio": 0.43, "sentence_string_count": 42.0, "sentence_string_ratio": 0.11, "behavioral_import_ratio": 0.04, "function_analysis_depth": 2.0, "high_complexity_functions": 3.0 } }, "ss": [ [ 0, "textdomain" ], [ 512, "/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2" ], [ 2451, "fflush" ], [ 2458, "__printf_chk" ], [ 2471, "setlocale" ], [ 2481, "mbrtowc" ], [ 2489, "fopen" ], [ 2495, "strncmp" ], [ 2503, "optind" ], [ 2510, "strrchr" ], [ 2518, "dcgettext" ], [ 2528, "error" ], [ 2534, "iswprint" ], [ 2543, "realloc" ], [ 2551, "abort" ], [ 2569, "memchr" ], [ 2576, "program_invocation_name" ], [ 2600, "__assert_fail" ], [ 2614, "__ctype_get_mb_cur_max" ], [ 2637, "posix_fadvise" ], [ 2651, "calloc" ], [ 2658, "strlen" ], [ 2665, "memset" ], [ 2672, "__errno_location" ], [ 2689, "memcmp" ], [ 2696, "__fprintf_chk" ], [ 2710, "stdout" ], [ 2717, "lseek" ], [ 2723, "memcpy" ], [ 2730, "fclose" ], [ 2737, "malloc" ], [ 2744, "mbsinit" ], [ 2752, "__uflow" ], [ 2760, "nl_langinfo" ], [ 2772, "__ctype_b_loc" ], [ 2786, "optarg" ], [ 2793, "__freading" ], [ 2804, "stderr" ], [ 2811, "getopt_long" ], [ 2823, "fileno" ], [ 2830, "fwrite" ], [ 2837, "__fpending" ], [ 2855, "program_invocation_short_name" ], [ 2885, "memmove" ], [ 2893, "bindtextdomain" ], [ 2908, "fwrite_unlocked" ], [ 2931, "__libc_start_main" ], [ 2949, "fseeko" ], [ 2956, "__overflow" ], [ 2967, "__strtoul_internal" ], [ 2986, "fputs_unlocked" ], [ 3001, "free" ], [ 3006, "__progname" ], [ 3017, "__progname_full" ], [ 3033, "__cxa_atexit" ], [ 3046, "__gmon_start__" ], [ 3083, "GLIBC_2.14" ], [ 5824, "UAVSA" ], [ 6113, "ffffff." ], [ 6448, "UAWAVAUATSPH" ], [ 6754, "fffff." ], [ 7600, "UAWAVAUATSPI" ], [ 9344, "AVSPI" ], [ 9728, "UAWAVAUATSH" ], [ 10320, "UAWAVATSA" ], [ 12320, "AWAVS" ], [ 12880, "USPH" ], [ 13312, "UAVS" ], [ 18656, "AWAVSL" ], [ 21456, "AWAVSH" ], [ 23006, "TUUUUUUU1" ], [ 23230, "TUUUUUUUH9" ], [ 23472, "AWAVSI" ], [ 23552, "UAWAVSPI" ], [ 23696, "UAWAVAUATSPM" ], [ 26320, "UAVSH" ], [ 26640, "AWAVATSPI" ], [ 27040, "AWAVA" ], [ 27047, "AUATL" ], [ 27744, "Try '%s --help' for more information." ], [ 27783, "Usage: %s [-WIDTH] [OPTION]... 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\u003c%s%s\u003e" ], [ 29254, "or available locally via: info '(coreutils) %s%s'" ], [ 29305, "Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too." ], [ 29380, "With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input." ], [ 29436, "8.30" ], [ 29441, "write error" ], [ 29460, "A NULL argv[0] was passed through an exec system call." ], [ 29516, "/.libs/" ], [ 30776, "literal" ], [ 30790, "shell-always" ], [ 30803, "shell-escape" ], [ 30816, "shell-escape-always" ], [ 30836, "c-maybe" ], [ 30844, "clocale" ], [ 30952, "%s (%s) %s" ], [ 30975, "License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later \u003chttps://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html\u003e.\nThis is free software: you are free to change an" ], [ 30976, "License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later \u003chttps://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html\u003e." ], [ 31056, "This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it." ], [ 31123, "There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law." ], [ 31179, "Written by %s." ], [ 31195, 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44283, "__do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry" ], [ 44322, "frame_dummy" ], [ 44334, "__frame_dummy_init_array_entry" ], [ 44381, "emit_ancillary_info.infomap" ], [ 44409, "first_indent" ], [ 44422, "flush_paragraph" ], [ 44442, "fmt_paragraph" ], [ 44456, "get_line" ], [ 44465, "get_prefix" ], [ 44476, "goal_width" ], [ 44487, "in_column" ], [ 44497, "last_line_length" ], [ 44514, "long_options" ], [ 44527, "max_width" ], [ 44537, "next_char" ], [ 44547, "next_prefix_indent" ], [ 44566, "other_indent" ], [ 44579, "out_column" ], [ 44590, "parabuf" ], [ 44598, "prefix_full_length" ], [ 44617, "prefix_lead_space" ], [ 44635, "prefix_length" ], [ 44649, "put_line" ], [ 44669, "tagged" ], [ 44676, "uniform" ], [ 44684, "unused_word_type" ], [ 44701, "word_limit" ], [ 44717, "src/version.c" ], [ 44731, "lib/closeout.c" ], [ 44746, "lib/exitfail.c" ], [ 44761, "lib/fadvise.c" ], [ 44775, "lib/progname.c" ], [ 44790, "lib/quotearg.c" ], [ 44805, "default_quoting_options" ], [ 44829, 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], "i": "metadata/binary::binary-format-checked", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "/tmp/ path component", "e": [ "/tmp/coreutils/_out/share/locale" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/path/temp::tmp-path-content", "l": 2 }, { "d": "Binary exports symbols", "e": [ "binary.export_count = 130.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/symbols::has-exports", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.6000000238418579, "d": "Copyright notice", "e": [ "Copyright" ], "i": "metadata/package/license::copyright-word", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.6600000262260437, "d": "Reference to /lib64", "e": [ "/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/path/system::system-lib64", "l": 2 }, { "d": "Characteristic system library export __cxa_atexit", "e": [ "cxa_atexit" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/dylib/library/libc::libc-characteristic-cxa-atexit", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "CLI help or usage text", "e": [ "Try '%s --help' for more information." ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::help-usage-string", "l": 2 }, { "d": "Characteristic system library export __errno_location", "e": [ "errno_location" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/dylib/library/libc::libc-characteristic-errno", "l": 2 }, { "a": "T1059.006", "c": 0.6000000238418579, "d": "Named /tmp execution path", "e": [ "/tmp/coreutils" ], "i": "objectives/command-and-control/dropper::tmp-path", "l": 1, "m": "B0024" }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "Binary has low overall entropy", "e": [ "binary.overall_entropy = 2.75" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::low-overall-entropy-binary", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 30+ imports", "e": [ "binary.import_count = 52.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-imports-30", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.699999988079071, "d": "GPL license reference", "e": [ "GPL", "GPL" ], "i": "metadata/package/license::gpl-word", "l": 2 }, { "a": "T1486", "c": 0.75, "d": "flock LOCK_EX call bytecode pattern", "e": [ "be 58 15 00 00", "bd 03 00 00 eb" ], "i": "objectives/impact/ransom/esxi::flock-lockex", "l": 1, "m": "C0027" }, { "a": "T1055", "c": 0.25, "d": "Repeated 0x07 code constant (possible PROT_RWX)", "e": [ "07 00 00 00", "07 00 00 00" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/mem/protect/modify::rwx-prot-bytes", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has low average string entropy", "e": [ "binary.avg_string_entropy = 3.18" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::avg-string-entropy-4-max", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "ELF dynsym section name", "e": [ ".dynsym" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking::elf-dynsym-section-name", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.20000000298023224, "d": "output keyword", "e": [ "…s), writing to standard output.\nThe option -WIDTH is a…", "--version output version information and exit" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/data/text/keywords::output", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary is not position-independent (fixed load address)", "e": [ "binary.is_pie = 0.00" ], "i": "metadata/hardening::no-pie", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 50+ imports", "e": [ "binary.import_count = 52.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-imports-50", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.800000011920929, "d": "libc version string pattern", "e": [ "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/dylib/library/libc::libc-version-string", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.4000000059604645, "d": "Terminate process immediately without cleanup", "e": [ "exit", "exit" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/process/terminate/signal::_exit", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has low average complexity", "e": [ "binary.avg_complexity = 6.44" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::avg-complexity-15-max", "l": 2 }, { "d": "Characteristic system library exports", "e": [ "libc_start_main" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/dylib/library/libc::libc-characteristic-symbols", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 20+ sections (installer/packer)", "e": [ "binary.section_count = 28.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-sections-20", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.699999988079071, "d": "Version information string", "e": [ "--version" ], "i": "metadata/package/help::version-text", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "ELF program interpreter metadata", "e": [ "/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking/runtime::interpreter", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.30000001192092896, "d": "GNU coreutils reference", "e": [ "GNU coreutils" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/dylib/library::gnu-coreutils-ref", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "ELF dynstr section name", "e": [ ".dynstr" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking::elf-dynstr-section-name", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.800000011920929, "d": "Binary has many exports (\u003e10)", "e": [ "binary.export_count = 130.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-exports", "l": 2 }, { "d": "Usage: label in binary strings", "e": [ "Usage: %s [-WIDTH] [OPTION]... [FILE]..." ], "i": "metadata/package/help::usage-title-string", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "ELF needed library metadata", "e": [ "[libc.so.6] (size: 1 (array))" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking/runtime::needed-lib", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.699999988079071, "d": "Unix /tmp/ path reference", "e": [ "/tmp/coreutils/_out/share/locale" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/path/temp::unix-temp", "l": 2 }, { "d": "Characteristic system library export __assert_fail", "e": [ "assert_fail" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/dylib/library/libc::libc-characteristic-assert-fail", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 3+ functions", "e": [ "binary.function_count = 138.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::few-functions-3", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 20+ exports", "e": [ "binary.export_count = 130.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-exports-20", "l": 1 }, { "d": "overflow keyword", "e": [ "overflow", "overflow@@GLIBC_2.2.5", "__overflow@@GLIBC_2.2.5", "__overflow" ], "i": 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