{ "ml": { "v": "4", "fs": [ { "id": 0, "prob": 0.0013007052475586534, "class": 0 } ], "prob": 0.0013007052, "class": 0, "models": [ { "m": "az", "prob": 0.0013007052, "class": 0 }, { "m": "az/native", "prob": 0.00007578398, "class": 0 }, { "m": "az/elf", "prob": 0.00002486015, "class": 0 } ], "version": "v16.16", "thresholds": [ 0.9953178, 0.9991311 ], "analyzed_at": "2026-05-02T16:44:36Z" }, "path": "x86__64__lsb__unix-system-v__gcc-8.4.0__O3__no-obf__unstripped__coreutils-8.30__uniq", "raw": { "v": "4", "fs": [ { "f": "O₂(CI)H₃(FPoDb₂)Md₂(HeBi₂)", "x": 4, "id": 0, "is": [ "", "ctype_toupper_loc", "uflow", "getenv", "free", "abort", "errno_location", "strncmp", "exit", "fpending", "textdomain", "fclose", "bindtextdomain", "dcgettext", "ctype_get_mb_cur_max", "strlen", "getopt_long", "mbrtowc", "dup2", "strchr", "overflow", "strrchr", "lseek", "assert_fail", "memset", "freopen", "close", "posix_fadvise", "libc_start_main", "memcmp", "fputs_unlocked", "calloc", "gmon_start__", "strtol", 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[ 512, "/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2" ], [ 2563, "fflush" ], [ 2570, "__printf_chk" ], [ 2583, "setlocale" ], [ 2593, "mbrtowc" ], [ 2601, "strncmp" ], [ 2609, "optind" ], [ 2616, "strrchr" ], [ 2624, "dcgettext" ], [ 2634, "error" ], [ 2640, "iswprint" ], [ 2649, "realloc" ], [ 2657, "abort" ], [ 2675, "program_invocation_name" ], [ 2699, "__assert_fail" ], [ 2713, "__ctype_get_mb_cur_max" ], [ 2736, "strtol" ], [ 2743, "posix_fadvise" ], [ 2757, "calloc" ], [ 2764, "strlen" ], [ 2771, "memset" ], [ 2778, "__errno_location" ], [ 2795, "memcmp" ], [ 2807, "__fprintf_chk" ], [ 2821, "stdout" ], [ 2828, "lseek" ], [ 2834, "memcpy" ], [ 2841, "fclose" ], [ 2848, "strtoul" ], [ 2856, "malloc" ], [ 2863, "mbsinit" ], [ 2871, "__uflow" ], [ 2879, "nl_langinfo" ], [ 2891, "__ctype_b_loc" ], [ 2905, "getenv" ], [ 2912, "optarg" ], [ 2919, "__freading" ], [ 2930, "stderr" ], [ 2937, "getopt_long" ], [ 2949, "freopen" ], [ 2957, "fileno" ], [ 2964, "fwrite" ], [ 2971, "__fpending" ], [ 2989, "program_invocation_short_name" ], [ 3019, "__ctype_toupper_loc" ], [ 3039, "bindtextdomain" ], [ 3054, "fwrite_unlocked" ], [ 3070, "__libc_start_main" ], [ 3088, "fseeko" ], [ 3095, "strcoll" ], [ 3103, "__overflow" ], [ 3114, "fputs_unlocked" ], [ 3129, "free" ], [ 3134, "__progname" ], [ 3145, "__progname_full" ], [ 3161, "__cxa_atexit" ], [ 3174, "__gmon_start__" ], [ 3201, "GLIBC_2.14" ], [ 5935, "AUATUSH" ], [ 10542, "AUATI" ], [ 10983, "AVE1" ], [ 10998, "ATUH" ], [ 11472, "AVAUATUSL" ], [ 11813, "AVAUATUSH" ], [ 12480, "AWAVAUATUSH" ], [ 12752, "AWAVAUD" ], [ 13642, "AUATUD" ], [ 18842, "AUATUH" ], [ 19248, "AWAVI" ], [ 19632, "ATUSH" ], [ 19924, "ATUSL" ], [ 23744, "AWAVAUATM" ], [ 24015, "AQAUATAWAVL" ], [ 24531, "ATAWAVL" ], [ 24645, "AUATAWAVL" ], [ 26126, "TUUUUUUU1" ], [ 26430, "SUUUUUUUH9" ], [ 26976, "AVAUI" ], [ 28224, "AVAUATI" ], [ 28752, "AWAVAUI" ], [ 29280, "AWAVA" ], [ 29287, "AUATL" ], [ 29494, "sha2 utilities" ], [ 29511, "test invocation" ], [ 29527, 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[INPUT [OUTPUT]]" ], [ 29968, "Filter adjacent matching lines from INPUT (or standard input),\nwriting to OUTPUT (or standard output).\n\nWith no options, matchin" ], [ 30031, "writing to OUTPUT (or standard output)." ], [ 30072, "With no options, matching lines are merged to the first occurrence." ], [ 30144, "Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too." ], [ 30224, "-c, --count prefix lines by the number of occurrences" ], [ 30290, "-d, --repeated only print duplicate lines, one for each group" ], [ 30368, "-D print all duplicate lines\n --all-repeated[=METHOD] like -D, but allow separating groups\n " ], [ 30418, "--all-repeated[=METHOD] like -D, but allow separating groups" ], [ 30486, "with an empty line;" ], [ 30539, "METHOD={none(default),prepend,separate}" ], [ 30616, "-f, --skip-fields=N avoid comparing the first N fields" ], [ 30680, "--group[=METHOD] show all items, separating groups with an empty line;" ], [ 30758, "METHOD={separate(default),prepend,append,both}" ], [ 30832, "-i, --ignore-case ignore differences in case when comparing" ], [ 30898, "-s, --skip-chars=N avoid comparing the first N characters" ], [ 30961, "-u, --unique only print unique lines" ], [ 31016, "-z, --zero-terminated line delimiter is NUL, not newline" ], [ 31080, "-w, --check-chars=N compare no more than N characters in lines" ], [ 31152, "--help display this help and exit" ], [ 31200, "--version output version information and exit" ], [ 31256, "A field is a run of blanks (usually spaces and/or TABs), then non-blank\ncharacters. Fields are skipped before chars." ], [ 31257, "A field is a run of blanks (usually spaces and/or TABs), then non-blank" ], [ 31329, "characters. Fields are skipped before chars." ], [ 31376, "Note: 'uniq' does not detect repeated lines unless they are adjacent.\nYou may want to sort the input first, or use 'sort -u' wit" ], [ 31377, "Note: 'uniq' does not detect repeated lines unless they are adjacent." ], [ 31447, "You may want to sort the input first, or use 'sort -u' without 'uniq'." ], [ 31518, "Also, comparisons honor the rules specified by 'LC_COLLATE'." ], [ 31584, "https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/" ], [ 31624, "Report %s translation bugs to \u003chttps://translationproject.org/team/\u003e" ], [ 31696, "Full documentation at: \u003c%s%s\u003e" ], [ 31728, "or available locally via: info '(coreutils) %s%s'" ], [ 31784, "/tmp/coreutils/_out/share/locale" ], [ 31824, "invalid number of fields to skip" ], [ 31864, "invalid number of bytes to skip" ], [ 31896, "invalid number of bytes to compare" ], [ 31936, "--group is mutually exclusive with -c/-d/-D/-u" ], [ 31984, "grouping and printing repeat counts is 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GNU GPL version 3 or later \u003chttps://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html\u003e." ], [ 36577, "This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it." ], [ 36644, "There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law." ], [ 36704, "Written by %s, %s, %s," ], [ 36727, "and %s." ], [ 36759, "%s, and %s." ], [ 36799, "%s, %s, and %s." ], [ 36839, "%s, %s, %s, and %s." ], [ 37007, "%s, %s, and others." ], [ 37032, "General help using GNU software: \u003chttps://www.gnu.org/gethelp/\u003e" ], [ 37184, "Copyright %s %d Free Software Foundation, Inc." ], [ 37231, "memory exhausted" ], [ 37248, "string comparison failed" ], [ 37280, "Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem." ], [ 37328, "The strings compared were %s and %s." ], [ 37365, "lib/xstrtol.c" ], [ 37384, "0 \u003c= strtol_base \u0026\u0026 strtol_base \u003c= 36" ], [ 38240, "xstrtoul" ], [ 38249, "ASCII" ], [ 46164, "GCC: (GNU) 8.4.0" ], [ 52953, "quotearg.c" ], [ 52964, "gettext_quote.part.1" ], [ 52985, 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53540, "longopts" ], [ 53549, "grouping_method_map" ], [ 53569, "grouping_method_string" ], [ 53592, "grouping" ], [ 53601, "delimit_method_map" ], [ 53620, "delimit_method_string" ], [ 53642, "crtstuff.c" ], [ 53653, "deregister_tm_clones" ], [ 53674, "__do_global_dtors_aux" ], [ 53696, "completed.7289" ], [ 53711, "__do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry" ], [ 53750, "frame_dummy" ], [ 53762, "__frame_dummy_init_array_entry" ], [ 53793, "version.c" ], [ 53803, "argmatch.c" ], [ 53814, "__argmatch_die" ], [ 53829, "closeout.c" ], [ 53840, "exitfail.c" ], [ 53851, "fadvise.c" ], [ 53861, "freopen-safer.c" ], [ 53877, "hard-locale.c" ], [ 53891, "linebuffer.c" ], [ 53904, "memcasecmp.c" ], [ 53917, "posixver.c" ], [ 53928, "progname.c" ], [ 53939, "version-etc-fsf.c" ] ], "sz": 59120, "ts": [ { "c": 1.0, "d": "ELF program interpreter present", "e": [ "/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking::elf-interpreter", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "ELF needed library", "e": [ "libc.so.6" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking::elf-needed-lib", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary is not digitally signed", "i": "metadata/unsigned", "l": 2 }, { "d": "Binary exports symbols", "e": [ "binary.export_count = 148.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/symbols::has-exports", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 20+ exports", "e": [ "binary.export_count = 148.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-exports-20", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.30000001192092896, "d": "GNU coreutils reference", "e": [ "GNU coreutils" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/dylib/library::gnu-coreutils-ref", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.800000011920929, "d": "Binary has many functions (\u003e30)", "e": [ "binary.function_count = 165.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-functions", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "ELF dynstr section name", "e": [ ".dynstr" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking::elf-dynstr-section-name", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 20+ sections (installer/packer)", "e": [ "binary.section_count = 28.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-sections-20", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "Binary has low overall entropy", "e": [ "binary.overall_entropy = 2.80" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::low-overall-entropy-binary", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 100+ exports", "e": [ "binary.export_count = 148.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-exports-100", "l": 1 }, { "a": "T1055", "c": 0.25, "d": "Repeated 0x07 code constant (possible PROT_RWX)", "e": [ "07 00 00 00", "07 00 00 00", "07 00 00 00", "07 00 00 00", "07 00 00 00", "07 00 00 00" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/mem/protect/modify::rwx-prot-bytes", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.6600000262260437, "d": "Reference to /lib64", "e": [ "/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/path/system::system-lib64", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 50+ imports", "e": [ "binary.import_count = 56.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-imports-50", "l": 1 }, { "a": "T1059.006", "c": 0.6000000238418579, "d": "Named 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}, { "c": 0.6600000262260437, "d": "Open files", "e": [ "open" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/file/open::open-base", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "/dev/null (legitimate discard device)", "e": [ "/dev/null" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/path/device::dev-null", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 20+ imports", "e": [ "binary.import_count = 56.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-imports-20", "l": 1 }, { "d": "Usage: label in binary strings", "e": [ "Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]" ], "i": "metadata/package/help::usage-title-string", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "/tmp/ path component", "e": [ "/tmp/coreutils/_out/share/locale" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/path/temp::tmp-path-content", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.4000000059604645, "d": "Terminate process immediately without cleanup", "e": [ "exit", "exit" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/process/terminate/signal::_exit", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "CLI help or usage text", "e": [ "Try '%s --help' for more information." ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::help-usage-string", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.75, "d": "String to long integer conversion (strtol)", "e": [ "strtol" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/data/string/conversion::strtol", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.6000000238418579, "d": "Copyright notice", "e": [ "Copyright" ], "i": "metadata/package/license::copyright-word", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 3+ functions", "e": [ "binary.function_count = 165.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::few-functions-3", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has low average string entropy", "e": [ "binary.avg_string_entropy = 3.21" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::avg-string-entropy-4-max", "l": 2 }, { "d": "Duplicate file descriptor (I/O redirection)", "e": [ "dup2" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/process/fd/dup::dup2", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 25+ imports", "e": [ "binary.import_count = 56.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-imports-25", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "File is a compiled binary", "e": [ "binary.file_size = 59120.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/framework::is-binary", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.699999988079071, "d": "freopen stream redirection import", "e": [ "freopen" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/process/fd/stdio::freopen-import", "l": 3 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary is not position-independent (fixed load address)", "e": [ "binary.is_pie = 0.00" ], "i": "metadata/hardening::no-pie", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 30+ imports", "e": [ "binary.import_count = 56.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-imports-30", "l": 1 }, { "d": "Characteristic system library exports", "e": [ "libc_start_main" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/dylib/library/libc::libc-characteristic-symbols", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.699999988079071, "d": "Unix /tmp/ path reference", "e": [ "/tmp/coreutils/_out/share/locale" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/path/temp::unix-temp", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "Abort program execution", "e": [ "abort" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/os/signal/handler::abort", "l": 2 }, { "d": "Characteristic system library export __cxa_atexit", "e": [ "cxa_atexit" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/dylib/library/libc::libc-characteristic-cxa-atexit", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.6600000262260437, "d": "Write files", "e": [ "fwrite" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/file/write::write", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary format is identified", "e": [ "elf.class_bits = 64.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary::binary-format-checked", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 9+ exports", "e": [ "binary.export_count = 148.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-exports-9", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 40+ imports", "e": [ "binary.import_count = 56.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-imports-40", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "ELF dynamic section name", "e": [ ".dynamic" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking::elf-dynamic-section-name", "l": 2 }, { "a": "T1005", "c": 0.4000000059604645, "d": "Seeks to position in file", "e": [ "fseeko", "fseeko@@GLIBC_2.2.5", "rpl_fseeko", "sym.imp.fseeko", "sym.rpl_fseeko" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/file/binary::fseek-func", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.699999988079071, "d": "GPL license reference", "e": [ "GPL", "GPL" ], "i": "metadata/package/license::gpl-word", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "ELF64 class marker", "e": [ "elf.class_bits = 64.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::elf64-class", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 50+ functions", "e": [ "binary.function_count = 165.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-functions-50", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.699999988079071, "d": "Version information string", "e": [ "--version" ], "i": "metadata/package/help::version-text", "l": 2 }, { "d": "Characteristic system library export __errno_location", "e": [ "errno_location" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/dylib/library/libc::libc-characteristic-errno", "l": 2 }, { "d": "overflow keyword", "e": [ "overflow", "__overflow", "__overflow@@GLIBC_2.2.5", "overflow@@GLIBC_2.2.5" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/data/text/keywords::overflow", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "ELF interpreter section name", "e": [ ".interp" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking::elf-interpreter-section-name", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.20000000298023224, "d": "output keyword", "e": [ "output_unique", "output_later_repeated", "--version output version information and exit", "output_first_repeated", "writing to OUTPUT (or standard output).", "… to OUTPUT (or standard output).\n\nWith no options, mat…" ], "i": 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[ "elf.relro = 0.00" ], "i": "metadata/hardening::no-relro", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "ELF program interpreter metadata", "e": [ "/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking/runtime::interpreter", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "ELF needed library metadata", "e": [ "libc.so.6" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking/runtime::needed-lib", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.6000000238418579, "d": "Binary not position-independent (no ASLR)", "e": [ "elf.e_type = 2.00" ], "i": "metadata/hardening::no-pie-struct", "l": 3 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "ELF interpreter section name", "e": [ ".interp" ], "i": "metadata/hardening::elf-interpreter-section-name", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "ELF dynamic section name", "e": [ ".dynamic" ], "i": "metadata/hardening::elf-dynamic-section-name", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.30000001192092896, "d": "getenv function (read environment variable)", "e": [ "getenv", "sym.imp.getenv" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/os/env/vars::getenv", "l": 2 }, { "c": 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