Communications_protocol
Contains Arabic or Urdu scriptContains Bengali script
SHA-256ae27db2b9aa616b9887d758a0abd8e3856b4aa368709327f234f9bbb584a95db
MaleculeH(Cr)Md
Evidence
1<!DOCTYPE html>
2<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-menu-disabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-feature-navigation-update-disabled vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available skin-thumbsize-clientpref-standard" lang="en" dir="ltr">
3<head>
4<meta charset="UTF-8">
5<title>Communication protocol - Wikipedia</title>
6<script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-menu-disabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-feature-navigation-update-disabled vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available skin-thumbsize-clientpref-standard";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",
7RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.cite.parsoid.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.testKitchen","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticl
8<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"});
9}];});});</script>
10<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.parsoid.styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022">
11<script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script>
12<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
26<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)">
27<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd">
28<link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_protocol">
29<link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">
30<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom">
⋯4 lines
686 <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
687
688 <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protokol_(rekenaars)" title="Protokol (rekenaars) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Protokol (rekenaars)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84_(%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="بروتوكول (اتصالات) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بروتوكول (اتصالات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veril%C9%99nl%C9%99rin_%C3%B6t%C3%BCr%C3%BClm%C9%99si_protokollar%C4%B1" title="Verilənlərin ötürülməsi p
689 </ul>
690 <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q132364#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div>
691 </div>
908
909 <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-subjectpageheader">
910</div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr" data-mw-parsoid-version="0.24.0.0-alpha14" data-mw-html-version="2.8.0"><section data-mw-section-id="0" id="mwAQ"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none" about="#mwt1" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwAg" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"short description","href":"./Template:Short_description"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"System for exchanging messages between computing systems"}},"i":0}}]}'>System for exchanging messages between computing systems</div><span class="mw-empty-elt" about="#mwt1"><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Articles_with_short_description"/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata"/></span>
911<p class="mw-empty-elt" id="mwAw"><span typeof="mw:Nowiki mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt2" id="mwBA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Use American English","href":"./Template:Use_American_English"},"params":{"date":{"wt":"March 2020"}},"i":0}}]}'></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Use_American_English_from_March_2020" about="#mwt2"/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" about="#mwt2" id="mwBQ"/>
912<span typeof="mw:Nowiki mw:Transclusion" about="#mwt3" id="mwBg" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Use dmy dates","href":"./Template:Use_dmy_dates"},"params":{"date":{"wt":"December 2022"}},"i":0}}]}'></span><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2022" about="#mwt3" id="mwBw"/></p>
1173<p id="mwAoI">In the OSI model, the layers and their functionality are (from highest to lowest layer):</p>
1174<ul id="mwAoM"><li id="mwAoQ">The <i id="mwAoU"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_layer" title="Application layer" id="mwAoY">Application layer</a></i> may provide the following services to the application processes: identification of the intended communication partners, establishment of the necessary authority to communicate, determination of availability and authentication of the partners, agreement on privacy mechanisms for the communication, agreement on responsibility for error recovery and procedures for ensuring <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_integrity" title="Data integrity" id="mwAoc">data integrity</a>, synchronization between cooperating application processes, identification of any constraints on syntax (e.g. character sets and data structures), determination of cost and acceptable quality of service, selection of the dialogue discipline, including required logon and logoff procedures.<sup about="#mwt180" class="mw-ref reference" id=
1175<li id="mwAow">The <i id="mwAo0"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentation_layer" title="Presentation layer" id="mwAo4">presentation layer</a></i> may provide the following services to the application layer: a request for the establishment of a session, data transfer, negotiation of the syntax to be used between the application layers, any necessary syntax transformations, formatting and special purpose transformations (e.g., data compression and data encryption).<sup about="#mwt181" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-77" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-77"}}'><a href="#cite_note-77" id="mwAo8"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwApA"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwApE">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwApI">]</span></span></a></sup></li>
1176<li id="mwApM">The <i id="mwApQ"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Session_layer" title="Session layer" id="mwApU">session layer</a></i> may provide the following services to the presentation layer: establishment and release of session connections, normal and expedited data exchange, a quarantine service which allows the sending presentation entity to instruct the receiving session entity not to release data to its presentation entity without permission, interaction management so presentation entities can control whose turn it is to perform certain control functions, resynchronization of a session connection, reporting of unrecoverable exceptions to the presentation entity.<sup about="#mwt182" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-78" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-78"}}'><a href="#cite_note-78" id="mwApY"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwApc"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwApg">[</span>77<sp
1177<li id="mwApo">The <i id="mwAps"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_layer" title="Transport layer" id="mwApw">transport layer</a></i> provides reliable and transparent data transfer in a cost-effective way as required by the selected quality of service. It may support the multiplexing of several transport connections onto one network connection or split one transport connection into several network connections.<sup about="#mwt183" class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-79" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-79"}}'><a href="#cite_note-79" id="mwAp0"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAp4"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwAp8">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwAqA">]</span></span></a></sup></li>