Classical_cipher
Contains Arabic or Urdu scriptEncryption or decryption term
SHA-256826cc1a48260f19b46353a2ce880c0e0cd8745a4719821eb1e22c4bd394d0037
MaleculeH(Cr)Md
Evidence
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648
649 <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-subjectpageheader">
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652<p id="mwBA">In <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography" id="mwBQ">cryptography</a>, a <b id="mwBg">classical cipher</b> is a type of <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipher" title="Cipher" id="mwBw">cipher</a> that was used historically but, for the most part, has fallen into disuse. In contrast to modern cryptographic algorithms, most classical ciphers are very simple to break with modern technology, and usually can also be solved by hand. The term includes the simple systems used since Greek and Roman times, the elaborate Renaissance ciphers, World War II cryptography such as the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enigma_machine" title="Enigma machine" id="mwCA">Enigma machine</a>, and others.</p>
664<p id="mwGA">A well-known example of a substitution cipher is the <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher" title="Caesar cipher" id="mwGQ">Caesar cipher</a>. To encrypt a message with the Caesar cipher, each letter of message is replaced by the letter three positions later in the alphabet. Hence, A is replaced by D, B by E, C by F, etc. Finally, X, Y and Z are replaced by A, B and C respectively. So, for example, "WIKIPEDIA" encrypts as "ZLNLSHGLD". Caesar rotated the alphabet by three letters, but any number works.</p>
706<p id="mwLA">To use the Vigenère square to encrypt a message, a coder first chooses a keyword to use and then repeats it until it is the same length as the message to be encoded. If <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" about="#mwt10" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" id="mwLQ" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Mono/styles.css"},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"mono","href":"./Template:Mono"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"LEMON"}},"i":0}}]}'/><span class="monospaced" about="#mwt10" id="mwLg">LEMON</span> is the keyword, each letter of the repeated keyword will tell what cipher (what row) to use for each letter of the message to be coded. The cipher alphabet on the second row uses B for A and C for B etc. That is cipher alphabet 'B'. Each cipher alphabet is named by the first letter in it. For example, if the keyword is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" about="#mwt12" typeof="mw:Extension