{ "ml": { "v": "4", "fs": [ { "id": 0, "prob": 0.9284836053848267, "class": 0 } ], "prob": 0.9284836, "class": 0, "version": "v16.16", "thresholds": [ 0.9815004, 0.99404883 ], "analyzed_at": "2026-05-02T02:02:58Z" }, "path": "x86__64__lsb__unix-system-v__llvm-obfuscator-4.0.1__O3__mllvmsub__unstripped__coreutils-8.30__uniq", "raw": { "v": "4", "fs": [ { "f": "O₂(CI)H₃(FPoDb₂)Md₂(HeBi₂)", "x": 4, "id": 0, "is": [ "", "ctype_toupper_loc", "uflow", "getenv", "free", "abort", "errno_location", "strncmp", "exit", "fpending", "textdomain", "fclose", "bindtextdomain", "dcgettext", "ctype_get_mb_cur_max", "strlen", "getopt_long", "mbrtowc", "dup2", "strchr", "overflow", "strrchr", "lseek", "assert_fail", "memset", "freopen", "close", "posix_fadvise", "libc_start_main", "memcmp", "fputs_unlocked", "calloc", "strcmp", "gmon_start__", "strtol", "memcpy", "fileno", "malloc", "fflush", "nl_langinfo", "strcoll", "freading", "fwrite_unlocked", "realloc", "setlocale", "printf_chk", "error", "open", "fseeko", "strtoul", "cxa_atexit", "exit", "fwrite", "fprintf_chk", "mbsinit", "iswprint", "ctype_b_loc" ], "ms": { "elf": { "relro": "partial", "e_type": 2.0, "has_got": true, "has_plt": true, "has_note": true, "e_machine": 62.0, "class_bits": 64.0, "note_count": 1.0, "nx_enabled": true, "entry_point": 4199952.0, "needed_libs": 1.0, "dynsym_count": 66.0, "has_eh_frame": true, "symtab_count": 274.0, "dynrela_count": 8.0, "entry_section": ".text", "little_endian": true, "pltreloc_count": 55.0, "has_interpreter": true, "fini_array_count": 1.0, "gnu_hash_present": true, "init_array_count": 1.0, "program_header_count": 9.0, "section_header_count": 30.0, "load_segment_max_p_memsz": 40284.0, "load_segment_max_p_filesz": 40284.0, "section_relocation_group_count": 2.0 }, "binary": { "code_size": 24244.0, "file_size": 54368.0, "entry_point": 4199952.0, "has_overlay": true, "code_entropy": 4.0, "data_entropy": 2.72, "export_count": 150.0, "import_count": 57.0, "overlay_size": 1925.0, "string_count": 442.0, "overlay_ratio": 0.04, "section_count": 29.0, "avg_complexity": 6.82, "function_count": 153.0, "import_density": 2.41, "max_complexity": 319.0, "string_density": 18.67, "aliased_exports": 54.0, "overall_entropy": 2.9, "overlay_entropy": 1.56, "avg_basic_blocks": 7.27, "avg_section_size": 1797.45, "dependency_count": 1.0, "entropy_variance": 1.63, "function_density": 6.46, "avg_function_size": 150.52, "avg_string_length": 19.92, "complexity_per_kb": 0.29, "max_string_length": 241.0, "avg_string_entropy": 3.22, "code_to_data_ratio": 0.87, "data_to_file_ratio": 0.0, "text_to_file_ratio": 0.43, "total_basic_blocks": 1113.0, "string_length_stddev": 23.25, "largest_section_ratio": 0.43, "sentence_string_count": 66.0, "sentence_string_ratio": 0.15, "behavioral_import_ratio": 0.02, "function_analysis_depth": 2.0, "high_complexity_functions": 3.0 } }, "ss": [ [ 0, "textdomain" ], [ 568, "/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2" ], [ 2299, "fflush" ], [ 2306, "__printf_chk" ], [ 2319, "setlocale" ], [ 2329, "mbrtowc" ], [ 2337, "strncmp" ], [ 2345, "optind" ], [ 2352, "strrchr" ], [ 2360, "dcgettext" ], [ 2370, "error" ], [ 2376, "iswprint" ], [ 2385, "realloc" ], [ 2393, "abort" ], [ 2411, "program_invocation_name" ], [ 2435, "__assert_fail" ], [ 2449, "__ctype_get_mb_cur_max" ], [ 2472, "strtol" ], [ 2479, "posix_fadvise" ], [ 2493, "calloc" ], [ 2500, "strlen" ], [ 2507, "memset" ], [ 2514, "__errno_location" ], [ 2531, "memcmp" ], [ 2543, "__fprintf_chk" ], [ 2557, "stdout" ], [ 2564, "lseek" ], [ 2570, "memcpy" ], [ 2577, "fclose" ], [ 2584, "strtoul" ], [ 2592, "malloc" ], [ 2599, "mbsinit" ], [ 2607, "__uflow" ], [ 2615, "nl_langinfo" ], [ 2627, "__ctype_b_loc" ], [ 2641, "getenv" ], [ 2648, "optarg" ], [ 2655, "__freading" ], [ 2666, "stderr" ], [ 2673, "getopt_long" ], [ 2685, "freopen" ], [ 2693, "fileno" ], [ 2700, "fwrite" ], [ 2707, "__fpending" ], [ 2725, "program_invocation_short_name" ], [ 2755, "__ctype_toupper_loc" ], [ 2775, "bindtextdomain" ], [ 2790, "fwrite_unlocked" ], [ 2813, "__libc_start_main" ], [ 2831, "fseeko" ], [ 2838, "strcoll" ], [ 2846, "__overflow" ], [ 2857, "fputs_unlocked" ], [ 2872, "free" ], [ 2877, "__progname" ], [ 2888, "__progname_full" ], [ 2904, "__cxa_atexit" ], [ 2917, "__gmon_start__" ], [ 2944, "GLIBC_2.14" ], [ 6656, "UAWAVAUATSH" ], [ 10097, "ffffff." ], [ 10816, "UAWAVAUATSPI" ], [ 11600, "AWAVATSPI" ], [ 12352, "USPH" ], [ 12592, "UAWAVAUATSPH" ], [ 13218, "fffff." ], [ 13472, "AWAVSH" ], [ 13505, "Ifffff." ], [ 13664, "AVSPH" ], [ 13856, "UAVSH" ], [ 16258, "hffff." ], [ 19696, "AWAVATSPL" ], [ 22288, "AWAVATSPM" ], [ 24302, "TUUUUUUU1" ], [ 24555, "TUUUUUUUH9" ], [ 24896, "UAWAVSPI" ], [ 25840, "/weH" ], [ 27664, "UAWAVATSI" ], [ 27824, "UAVSA" ], [ 27952, "AWAVATSPH" ], [ 28784, "AWAVA" ], [ 28791, "AUATL" ], [ 30552, "Try '%s --help' for more information." ], [ 30591, "Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]" ], [ 30631, "Filter adjacent matching lines from INPUT (or standard input),\nwriting to OUTPUT (or standard output).\n\nWith no options, matchin" ], [ 30694, "writing to OUTPUT (or standard output)." ], [ 30735, "With no options, matching lines are merged to the first occurrence." ], [ 30804, "-c, --count prefix lines by the number of occurrences" ], [ 30870, "-d, --repeated only print duplicate lines, one for each group" ], [ 30942, "-D print all duplicate lines\n --all-repeated[=METHOD] like -D, but allow separating groups\n " ], [ 30992, "--all-repeated[=METHOD] like -D, but allow separating groups" ], [ 31060, "with an empty line;" ], [ 31113, "METHOD={none(default),prepend,separate}" ], [ 31187, "-f, --skip-fields=N avoid comparing the first N fields" ], [ 31247, "--group[=METHOD] show all items, separating groups with an empty line;" ], [ 31325, "METHOD={separate(default),prepend,append,both}" ], [ 31399, "-i, --ignore-case ignore differences in case when comparing" ], [ 31465, "-s, --skip-chars=N avoid comparing the first N characters" ], [ 31528, "-u, --unique only print unique lines" ], [ 31577, "-z, --zero-terminated line delimiter is NUL, not newline" ], [ 31641, "-w, --check-chars=N compare no more than N characters in lines" ], [ 31709, "--help display this help and exit" ], [ 31754, "--version output version information and exit" ], [ 31808, "A field is a run of blanks (usually spaces and/or TABs), then non-blank\ncharacters. Fields are skipped before chars." ], [ 31809, "A field is a run of blanks (usually spaces and/or TABs), then non-blank" ], [ 31881, "characters. Fields are skipped before chars." ], [ 31928, "Note: 'uniq' does not detect repeated lines unless they are adjacent.\nYou may want to sort the input first, or use 'sort -u' wit" ], [ 31929, "Note: 'uniq' does not detect repeated lines unless they are adjacent." ], [ 31999, "You may want to sort the input first, or use 'sort -u' without 'uniq'." ], [ 32070, "Also, comparisons honor the rules specified by 'LC_COLLATE'." ], [ 32137, "POSIXLY_CORRECT" ], [ 32153, "/tmp/coreutils/_out/share/locale" ], [ 32186, "-0123456789Dcdf:is:uw:z" ], [ 32210, "extra operand %s" ], [ 32227, "--all-repeated" ], [ 32242, "--group" ], [ 32250, "invalid number of fields to skip" ], [ 32283, "invalid number of bytes to skip" ], [ 32315, "invalid number of bytes to compare" ], [ 32350, "GNU coreutils" ], [ 32364, "Richard M. Stallman" ], [ 32384, "David MacKenzie" ], [ 32400, "--group is mutually exclusive with -c/-d/-D/-u" ], [ 32447, "grouping and printing repeat counts is meaningless" ], [ 32498, "printing all duplicated lines and repeat counts is meaningless" ], [ 32561, "Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too." ], [ 32636, "%s online help: \u003c%s\u003e" ], [ 32659, "https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/" ], [ 32703, "Report %s translation bugs to \u003chttps://translationproject.org/team/\u003e" ], [ 32773, "Full documentation at: \u003c%s%s\u003e" ], [ 32804, "or available locally via: info '(coreutils) %s%s'" ], [ 32855, "invocation" ], [ 32867, "count" ], [ 32873, "ignore-case" ], [ 32885, "unique" ], [ 32892, "skip-fields" ], [ 32904, "skip-chars" ], [ 32915, "check-chars" ], [ 32927, "zero-terminated" ], [ 32948, "version" ], [ 32956, "none" ], [ 32961, "prepend" ], [ 32969, "separate" ], [ 32978, "append" ], [ 32999, "error reading %s" ], [ 33022, "8.30" ], [ 33027, "invalid argument %s for %s" ], [ 33054, "ambiguous argument %s for %s" ], [ 33083, "Valid arguments are:" ], [ 33117, "write error" ], [ 33129, "/dev/null" ], [ 33139, "POSIX" ], [ 33145, "_POSIX2_VERSION" ], [ 33161, "A NULL argv[0] was passed through an exec system call." ], [ 33217, "/.libs/" ], [ 34472, "literal" ], [ 34486, "shell-always" ], [ 34499, "shell-escape" ], [ 34512, "shell-escape-always" ], [ 34532, "c-maybe" ], [ 34540, "clocale" ], [ 34656, "%s (%s) %s" ], [ 34679, "License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later \u003chttps://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html\u003e.\nThis is free software: you are free to change an" ], [ 34680, "License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later \u003chttps://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html\u003e." ], [ 34760, "This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it." ], [ 34827, "There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law." ], [ 34883, "Written by %s." ], [ 34899, "Written by %s and %s." ], [ 34922, "Written by %s, %s, and %s." ], [ 34950, "Written by %s, %s, %s," ], [ 34973, "and %s." ], [ 35005, "%s, and %s." ], [ 35041, "%s, %s, and %s." ], [ 35081, "%s, %s, %s, and %s." ], [ 35241, "%s, %s, and others." ], [ 35262, "Report bugs to: %s" ], [ 35283, "bug-coreutils@gnu.org" ], [ 35305, "%s home page: \u003c%s\u003e" ], [ 35325, "General help using GNU software: \u003chttps://www.gnu.org/gethelp/\u003e" ], [ 35392, "Copyright %s %d Free Software Foundation, Inc." ], [ 35439, "memory exhausted" ], [ 35456, "string comparison failed" ], [ 35481, "Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem." ], [ 35524, "The strings compared were %s and %s." ], [ 36000, "0 \u003c= strtol_base \u0026\u0026 strtol_base \u003c= 36" ], [ 36038, "./lib/xstrtol.c" ], [ 36054, "strtol_error xstrtoul(const char *, char **, int, unsigned long *, const char *)" ], [ 36135, "ASCII" ], [ 41552, "GCC: (Ubuntu 5.5.0-12ubuntu1~16.04) 5.5.0 20171010" ], [ 41603, "Obfuscator-LLVM clang version 4.0.1 (based on Obfuscator-LLVM 4.0.1)" ], [ 48257, 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48799, "lib/hard-locale.c" ], [ 48817, "lib/linebuffer.c" ], [ 48834, "lib/memcasecmp.c" ], [ 48851, "lib/posixver.c" ], [ 48866, "lib/progname.c" ], [ 48881, "lib/quotearg.c" ], [ 48896, "default_quoting_options" ], [ 48920, "nslots" ], [ 48927, "quotearg_buffer_restyled" ], [ 48952, "quotearg_n_options" ], [ 48971, "slot0" ], [ 48977, "slotvec" ], [ 48985, "slotvec0" ], [ 48994, "lib/version-etc.c" ], [ 49012, "lib/version-etc-fsf.c" ], [ 49034, "lib/xmalloc.c" ], [ 49048, "lib/xalloc-die.c" ], [ 49065, "lib/xmemcoll.c" ], [ 49080, "lib/xstrtoul.c" ], [ 49095, "lib/calloc.c" ], [ 49108, "lib/fclose.c" ], [ 49121, "lib/fflush.c" ], [ 49134, "lib/freopen.c" ], [ 49148, "lib/fseeko.c" ], [ 49161, "lib/mbrtowc.c" ], [ 49175, "lib/close-stream.c" ], [ 49194, "lib/localcharset.c" ], [ 49213, "lib/memcoll.c" ], [ 49227, "lib/nl_langinfo.c" ], [ 49245, "__FRAME_END__" ], [ 49259, "__JCR_END__" ], [ 49271, "__init_array_end" ], [ 49288, "_DYNAMIC" ] ], "sz": 54368, "ts": [ { "c": 1.0, "d": "ELF program interpreter present", "e": [ "/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking::elf-interpreter", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "ELF needed library", "e": [ "libc.so.6" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking::elf-needed-lib", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary is not digitally signed", "i": "metadata/unsigned", "l": 2 }, { "a": "T1005", "c": 0.4000000059604645, "d": "Seeks to position in file", "e": [ "fseeko", "fseeko@@GLIBC_2.2.5", "rpl_fseeko", "sym.imp.fseeko", "sym.rpl_fseeko" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/file/binary::fseek-func", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 20+ sections (installer/packer)", "e": [ "binary.section_count = 29.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-sections-20", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "ELF interpreter section name", "e": [ ".interp" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking::elf-interpreter-section-name", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 25+ imports", "e": [ "binary.import_count = 57.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-imports-25", "l": 1 }, { "a": "T1059.006", "c": 0.6000000238418579, "d": "Named /tmp execution path", "e": [ "/tmp/coreutils" ], "i": "objectives/command-and-control/dropper::tmp-path", "l": 1, "m": "B0024" }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "CLI help or usage text", "e": [ "Try '%s --help' for more information." ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::help-usage-string", "l": 2 }, { "d": "Duplicate file descriptor (I/O redirection)", "e": [ "dup2" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/process/fd/dup::dup2", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary is not position-independent (fixed load address)", "e": [ "binary.is_pie = 0.00" ], "i": "metadata/hardening::no-pie", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.699999988079071, "d": "freopen stream redirection import", "e": [ "freopen" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/process/fd/stdio::freopen-import", "l": 3 }, { "c": 0.20000000298023224, "d": "output keyword", "e": [ "… to OUTPUT (or standard output).\n\nWith no options, mat…", "writing to OUTPUT (or standard output).", "output_later_repeated", "output_unique", "--version output version information and exit", "output_first_repeated" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/data/text/keywords::output", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "File is a compiled binary", "e": [ "binary.file_size = 54368.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/framework::is-binary", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "ELF dynstr section name", "e": [ ".dynstr" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking::elf-dynstr-section-name", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.699999988079071, "d": "GPL license reference", "e": [ "GPL", "GPL" ], "i": "metadata/package/license::gpl-word", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.6600000262260437, "d": "Write files", "e": [ "fwrite" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/file/write::write", "l": 2 }, { "d": "Characteristic system library export __cxa_atexit", "e": [ "cxa_atexit" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/dylib/library/libc::libc-characteristic-cxa-atexit", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.6600000262260437, "d": "Reference to /lib64", "e": [ "/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/path/system::system-lib64", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 20+ imports", "e": [ "binary.import_count = 57.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-imports-20", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "Abort program execution", "e": [ "abort" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/os/signal/handler::abort", "l": 2 }, { "d": "Characteristic system library exports", "e": [ "libc_start_main" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/dylib/library/libc::libc-characteristic-symbols", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 50+ imports", "e": [ "binary.import_count = 57.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-imports-50", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.800000011920929, "d": "libc version string pattern", "e": [ "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC", "GLIBC" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/dylib/library/libc::libc-version-string", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.699999988079071, "d": "Unix /tmp/ path reference", "e": [ "/tmp/coreutils/_out/share/locale" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/path/temp::unix-temp", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.800000011920929, "d": "Binary has many exports (\u003e10)", "e": [ "binary.export_count = 150.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-exports", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 50+ functions", "e": [ "binary.function_count = 153.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-functions-50", "l": 1 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "Binary has low overall entropy", "e": [ "binary.overall_entropy = 2.90" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::low-overall-entropy-binary", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has low average string entropy", "e": [ "binary.avg_string_entropy = 3.22" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::avg-string-entropy-4-max", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.30000001192092896, "d": "GNU coreutils reference", "e": [ "GNU coreutils" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/dylib/library::gnu-coreutils-ref", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.8999999761581421, "d": "ELF dynsym section name", "e": [ ".dynsym" ], "i": "metadata/binary/linking::elf-dynsym-section-name", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "/tmp/ path component", "e": [ "/tmp/coreutils/_out/share/locale" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/path/temp::tmp-path-content", "l": 2 }, { "c": 0.75, "d": "String to long integer conversion (strtol)", "e": [ "strtol" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/data/string/conversion::strtol", "l": 1 }, { "d": ".so extension reference", "e": [ ".so" ], "i": "micro-behaviors/fs/path/extension::so", "l": 2 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 3+ functions", "e": [ "binary.function_count = 153.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::few-functions-3", "l": 1 }, { "c": 1.0, "d": "Binary has 40+ imports", "e": [ "binary.import_count = 57.00" ], "i": "metadata/binary/metrics::many-imports-40", "l": 1 }, { "d": "Usage: label in binary strings", "e": [ "Usage: %s [OPTION]... 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